Fracking
A.
B. The author wants to inform us on the subject of fracking and whether it is good or not. Fracking is the process in which a vertical well shaft hits a layer of shale. Water hits the shale to crack open rocks and release natural gas. It takes two to four million gallons of water for a single drill and 15,000 to 60,000 gallons of chemicals. Fracking can contaminate the drinking water of people's homes around the fracking areas. It can and has killed many people because of contamination. Some of the possible ways water can be contaminated includes poor cementing causing the gas to escape and another way could be the links open up to areas already drilled, there could be a possibility where for the gas to travel upwards.
C. I think that fracking is a horrible method and should be stopped right away. With the contamination of drinking water due to fracking, it can harm human health, animal health and could also kill the humans and animals. These companies that are doing this are responsible for all the issues that come with the people that live around the fracking areas. They are responsible for the deaths and injures that have been caused by this and I feel bad for the people that have to go through that. People are being lied to and have to face horrible situations because of them and theses companies should be feeling guilty and stopping!
SO WHAT?
Fracking uses up a large amount of water and chemicals for just one drill. With continuous fracking, it can cause a contamination of our drinking supply.
SAYS WHO?
Chris Mooney, Anthony Gorody, Lisa Jackson, Anthony Ingraffea
WHAT IF?
Fracking was never invented?
Less worry about water contamination, less harm to humans, animals and the atmosphere.
WHAT DOES THIS REMIND ME OF?
The movie Gasland.
- Fracking is infusing toxic chemicals and gas intro drinking-water supplies
- Basic technique of hydraulic fracturing has been used in conventional-style wells since 1940s.
- When vertical well shaft hits layer of shale, chemically treated water and sand are blasted down at high pressure to crack open rock and liberate natural gas.
- Technique been combined with a newer technology called directional or horizontal, drilling- the ability to turn a downward-plodding drill bit as much as 90 degrees and continue drilling within the layer, parallel to the ground surface.
- Fracking would not be allowed in NYC or Syracuse watersheds, because water supplies and unfiltered between those water supplies.
- It takes two to four million gallons of water for a single lateral and 15,000 to 60,000 gallons of chemicals.
- Transporting liquids involves fleet of tanker trucks and large storage containers
- 75% percent of what is blasted down comes back up.
- Chemicals are used to help fracking flow
- Toxic water must be stored on-site and later transported to treatment plants or is reused
- Companies use open-air pits dug into the ground.
- All these processes can cause accidents.
- DoEP fined Chesapeake almost $1 million for contaminating 16 families' water wells with methane as a result of improper drilling practices.
- Impacts can be blamed on fracking if the term refers to the whole industrial process.
- Drillers fill the gap between the gas pipe and the wall of the hole with concrete so buoyant gas cannot rise up along the outside of the pipe and seep into groundwater.
- A casing failure might allow chemical flowback, propelled by pressure released when the shale is cracked.
- The problem might not be fully fixable.
- A significant percentage of cement jobs will fail.
- Contamination because of bad cementing has been a long standing problem
- Because of depths of gas and combination of fracking and directional drilling, millions of gallons per fracking operation
- Poor cementing accounts for a number of groundwater contamination cases.
- Methane migration is also a problem
- The question is whether any other causes exist.
- If methane is getting into drinking water because of unconventional gas drilling, why aren't the fracking chemicals?
- When methane is released from rock, enough initial pressure exists to drive water and chemicals back up the hole.
- If fracking could connect with preexisting fissures, chemicals could pose a groundwater risk.
- EPA is finding ways in which drilling could contaminate water supplies, from unlined and leaky storage pits to faulty well cementing
- Ingraffea's advice is to develop powerful model that can iterate a scenario of multiple wells, multiple fracks and gas and liquid movements
- Model could be difficult to find
- The current standard used in academia to simulate underground reservoirs is called tough 2.
B. The author wants to inform us on the subject of fracking and whether it is good or not. Fracking is the process in which a vertical well shaft hits a layer of shale. Water hits the shale to crack open rocks and release natural gas. It takes two to four million gallons of water for a single drill and 15,000 to 60,000 gallons of chemicals. Fracking can contaminate the drinking water of people's homes around the fracking areas. It can and has killed many people because of contamination. Some of the possible ways water can be contaminated includes poor cementing causing the gas to escape and another way could be the links open up to areas already drilled, there could be a possibility where for the gas to travel upwards.
C. I think that fracking is a horrible method and should be stopped right away. With the contamination of drinking water due to fracking, it can harm human health, animal health and could also kill the humans and animals. These companies that are doing this are responsible for all the issues that come with the people that live around the fracking areas. They are responsible for the deaths and injures that have been caused by this and I feel bad for the people that have to go through that. People are being lied to and have to face horrible situations because of them and theses companies should be feeling guilty and stopping!
SO WHAT?
Fracking uses up a large amount of water and chemicals for just one drill. With continuous fracking, it can cause a contamination of our drinking supply.
SAYS WHO?
Chris Mooney, Anthony Gorody, Lisa Jackson, Anthony Ingraffea
WHAT IF?
Fracking was never invented?
Less worry about water contamination, less harm to humans, animals and the atmosphere.
WHAT DOES THIS REMIND ME OF?
The movie Gasland.