Biology Essentials- Reproductive Isolation and Speciation Guided Viewing Worksheet
1: What happened with Diane Dodd and the fruit flies? How did she create reproductive isolation?
Diane's fruit flies were fed different things but after 8 generations the 2 groups that would originally breed wouldn't want to breed. She created reproductive isolation by having two species that originally bred with each other, but after isolating the two species and making them eat two different foods, they stopped trying to breed with each other.
2: What is the definition a species?
The definition of species is a group of individuals that can inner-breed and produce fertile offspring.
3: What are the two main types of barriers in reproductive isolation?
The two main types of barriers in reproductive isolation are Geographic and post-zygotic/pre-zygotic.
4: What is gene flow? What is reproductive isolation?
Gene flow are genes being mixed within a population. Reproductive isolation are species that can't have gene flow.
5: What is geographic isolation? (Give an example).
Geographic isolation is when there is an isolation in a population due to where they exist. An example of geographic isolation is polar bears.
6: What is allopatric speciation? (give an example)
Allopatric speciation is when you have 2 groups of species that live in different lands. An example of allopatric speciation is meadowlark.
7: What is sympatric speciation? (give an example)
Sympatric is when you have 2 groups of species living on the same land. An example of sympatric speciation is in a herbivorous insect.
8: What is peripatric/parapatric speciation? (give an example)
Perpiatric/parapatric speciation is when the species have only part difference in DNA. An example of peripatric/parapatric is an African and Indian elephant.
9: What are pre-zygotic barriers? Name the types of pre-zygotic barriers (explain each). (Temporal, Mechanical, Behavioral)
Pre-zygotic barriers are things that occur before the zygotes form.
Temporal- Putting them in a lab will allow them to interbreed even though they breed at different times of the year.
Mechanical- Species that cannot breed because their sexual organs cannot get close to each other, even though their DNA is almost exactly the same.
Behavior- Living in hybrid zones, their behaviors are different, therefore no interbreeding.
10: What are post-zygotic barriers? Name the types of post-zygotic barriers- give examples. (Zygote Mortality, Hybrid Sterility)
Post-zygotic barriers occur which might cause the zygote to die.
Zygote Morality- Sperm is transferred, but after fertilization the zygote will die.
Hybrid Sterility- 2 different species that breed to make a new species, but are sterile making them unable to reproduce.
11: What is polyploidy? What happens? Where is this common?
Polyploidy is an example of fast speciation. A mistake in chromosome numbers, which leads to the organism unable to breed, forming brand new species. It is common in plants.
12: What is the theory of Punctuated Equilibrium?
Punctuated equilibrium is the theory that speciation does not gradually happen over time but rather very quickly.
1: What happened with Diane Dodd and the fruit flies? How did she create reproductive isolation?
Diane's fruit flies were fed different things but after 8 generations the 2 groups that would originally breed wouldn't want to breed. She created reproductive isolation by having two species that originally bred with each other, but after isolating the two species and making them eat two different foods, they stopped trying to breed with each other.
2: What is the definition a species?
The definition of species is a group of individuals that can inner-breed and produce fertile offspring.
3: What are the two main types of barriers in reproductive isolation?
The two main types of barriers in reproductive isolation are Geographic and post-zygotic/pre-zygotic.
4: What is gene flow? What is reproductive isolation?
Gene flow are genes being mixed within a population. Reproductive isolation are species that can't have gene flow.
5: What is geographic isolation? (Give an example).
Geographic isolation is when there is an isolation in a population due to where they exist. An example of geographic isolation is polar bears.
6: What is allopatric speciation? (give an example)
Allopatric speciation is when you have 2 groups of species that live in different lands. An example of allopatric speciation is meadowlark.
7: What is sympatric speciation? (give an example)
Sympatric is when you have 2 groups of species living on the same land. An example of sympatric speciation is in a herbivorous insect.
8: What is peripatric/parapatric speciation? (give an example)
Perpiatric/parapatric speciation is when the species have only part difference in DNA. An example of peripatric/parapatric is an African and Indian elephant.
9: What are pre-zygotic barriers? Name the types of pre-zygotic barriers (explain each). (Temporal, Mechanical, Behavioral)
Pre-zygotic barriers are things that occur before the zygotes form.
Temporal- Putting them in a lab will allow them to interbreed even though they breed at different times of the year.
Mechanical- Species that cannot breed because their sexual organs cannot get close to each other, even though their DNA is almost exactly the same.
Behavior- Living in hybrid zones, their behaviors are different, therefore no interbreeding.
10: What are post-zygotic barriers? Name the types of post-zygotic barriers- give examples. (Zygote Mortality, Hybrid Sterility)
Post-zygotic barriers occur which might cause the zygote to die.
Zygote Morality- Sperm is transferred, but after fertilization the zygote will die.
Hybrid Sterility- 2 different species that breed to make a new species, but are sterile making them unable to reproduce.
11: What is polyploidy? What happens? Where is this common?
Polyploidy is an example of fast speciation. A mistake in chromosome numbers, which leads to the organism unable to breed, forming brand new species. It is common in plants.
12: What is the theory of Punctuated Equilibrium?
Punctuated equilibrium is the theory that speciation does not gradually happen over time but rather very quickly.