1: Who was Charles Darwin? What is he famous for? Charles Darwin was the first scientist to give a mechanism that explains how evolution can occur. 2: What is evolution? Any change to a gene pool 3: What is the gene pool? What are alleles? A gene pool is a combination of all genes in a population. Alleles are different varieties of genes. 3: What is natural selection? What does it mean to have high “fitness”? Natural selection is the decision between life and death based on your appearance. What it means to have high fitness is to be able to survive and pass genes on. 4: How do we get new characteristics in organisms? We get new characteristics in organisms through mutation. 5: How else do we get genetic variability (variety) in organisms? We also get genetic variability (variety) in organisms through reproduction. 6: Explain the story of the Peppered Moth. How is this an example of natural selection? The Peppered Moths have 2 different varieties: dark and light. Light is an example of natural selection, because they were able to camouflage with the trees so that predators wouldn't see them but would see the dark one, therefore having a higher fitness. During the industrial revolution, the coal plants caused the environment to become darker. The coal dust make the trees darker, the lighter moths were the ones that were becoming preyed on because they were now being revealed to the predator causing change in the gene pool. 7: What is the equation for Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium? The equation for Hardy-Weinberg equation is p^2+2pq+q^2=1 8: What are adaptations? Adaptations are processes that organisms are selected for. 9: What is the best definition of natural selection? (explain.) The best definition of natural selection is differential reproductive success. We are each made different and this allows us to have high fitness in different things, leading to adaptations.